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ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
ICANTILEVER ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES OF MODERN BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES WITH A UNIQUE IMAGE OF OVERCOMING GRAVITY
G.А. Issabayev*
International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-01
Abstract. The article reveals the features of cantilever architectural structures on a number of examples from foreign and domestic author's architecture. The article reveals the features of cantilever architectural structures on a number of examples from foreign and domestic author's architecture. Architectural cantilever structures create a unique imagery of overcoming gravity and ignoring the static laws of building mechanics. Therefore, with the development of architectural and construction engineering technologies, modern architects have exceptional opportunities for designing buildings and structures with cantilever volumes of considerable size and weight. The objects of foreign and domestic architecture given in the article speak of the close collaboration of architects and designers, when the complex and laborious search for a special imagery of cantilever structures is inextricably linked with the tasks of a sustainable balance of extraordinary cantilever structures. From the given structural diagrams and volumetric compositional solutions of cantilever architecture objects, the following stand out: inclined "falling" type; solution in the form of a cantilever "loop"; "folding" of elongated buildings with cantilever extensions; "pulling" V -shaped in terms of design in a significant console. At the present stage in architectural and construction practice, such issues of the use of cantilever structures as: research in terms of optimizing their mass, taking into account stability; features of the impact of the design of cantilever structures in modern architecture; analysis of the structural safety of cantilever elements in conditions of extreme wind; cantilever structures in modern construction, etc. Images of buildings and structures that contradict the laws of statics become the leading volumetric compositional solution in a number of buildings of modern architecture.
Keywords: constructive solutions, cantilever, image, three-dimensional composition, creative search.
HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKH ARCHITECTURE IN THE XIX CENTURY
O.A. Isakov, Zh.Zh. Bapanova, A.G. Tlegen
Taraz regional University named after M. Kh. Dulaty, Taraz, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-02
Abstract. The article presents some results of the study of the history of the development of Kazakh architecture of the XIX century. It presents residential and public buildings of that time, a new type of housing called "Korzhyn", "Modern" urban housing, public buildings, in particular mosque buildings, as well as the development of architecture, a broad understanding of the patterns of architectural compositions. In addition, at present we are talking about the use of architectural elements of buildings of the XIX century.
Keywords: Kazakh yurt, mosques, types of residential buildings, Kazakh architecture, architectural elements, building structures.
FUNCTIONAL-PLANNING SOLUTION FOR MODERN MULTI-PROFILE HOSPITALS
А.А. Kornilova, E. P. Ponomareva*
Kazakh Agro Technical University named after S. Seifullin, Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-03
Abstract. The purpose of this work is to determine the modern directions of the functional planning solution for multidisciplinary hospitals, based on the design experience of foreign countries.
The following questions were solved in the course of the study: an analysis of the architecture of multidisciplinary hospitals in foreign countries was carried out; the factors influencing the functional planning decision of hospitals at the present stage are revealed; the main directions of development in the design of multidisciplinary hospitals are determined.
Keywords: architecture of public buildings, medical institutions, multidisciplinary hospitals, functional planning solution.
ASPECTS OF REGIONAL DESIGN IN THE WORKS OF ALEXANDER SHCHIPKOV
S.E. Mamedov
Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-04
Abstract. The article analyzes Alexander Shchipkov's projects for the northern regions. Based on the analysis, its integrated approach is established, which takes into account all aspects of this territory, which contributes to the formation of a regional model of residential structures. As a result, a new regional typological unit appears – "Polar", which increases the comfort level of the residential environment of the northern regions of Russia.
Keywords: regionalism, regional design, residential complex, architect, comfortable environment.
FEATTURES OF THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF THE ANCIENT GLAZE OF THE MAUSOLEUM OF KHOJA ACHMED YASAWI
M.T. Nogaybekova1, T.B. Tabys2
1M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
2Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K.I. Satbayev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-05
Abstract. The article discusses the technology of making clay masses, glazes of ceramic slabs of the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. Descriptions of the mausoleum's design solutions, glaze varieties and their structure are given. The authors came to the conclusion that the creations of ancient masters who created a unique mausoleum building, made durable clay masses, ceramic tiles with glazed coatings during the construction of the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi are worthy of attention, further constant research and study for the development of the construction industry, during the construction of buildings and structures, including the manufacture of modern high-quality ceramic plates.
Keywords: mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, Turkestan, clay masses, glaze, ceramic tiles, ornament, brick, chemical analysis, architectural complex, kashin, construction, manufacturing technology.
ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT ARCHITECTURE IN THE XXI CENTURY
Y. Onishchenko, G. Abdrassilova*
International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-06
Abstract. The article considers with the architecture of airports adapted to complex natural and anthropogenic conditions. The study has identified the methods used in modern architecture and engineering solutions to create sustainable airport complexes. Examples of artificial land formation, incorporation of dynamic structures and intelligent building management systems have been described as evolutionary solutions affecting the functioning of facilities.
Keywords: airport architecture, adaptability, evolution of adaptive technologies, principles of sustainable development in architecture, carbon footprint.
SPECIFICS OF AGROECOTOURIST PREFERENCES OF RESIDENTS OF ALMATY AND SUBURBS
I.I. Ostapenko*, N. Z. Kozbagarova
International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-07
Abstract. The definition of agroecotourism includes several interpretations recorded in various sources. Moreover, multiplicity is also present in the understanding of all three components. In general, this phenomenon is considered as a journey involving recreation and entertainment in combination with environmental education, which is carried out in the area of agricultural work. However, "in its pure form", such an organized pastime is practically not found, since agro-eco-exposition events themselves are usually associated with a relatively long journey in terms of distance and time, which, from an organizational and financial point of view, it is advisable to supplement with other types of entertainment, and various types of entertainment, from the same point of view, it is advisable to supplement argo is an eco-exposition component. Consumers of this product have different preferences. This article is devoted to the specifics of these preferences.
Keywords: agroecotourism, social tourism, family tourism, tourist preferences, agroecotourism resources, agroecotourism potential, types of tourists.
INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF INTERNAL EDUCATIONAL SPACES OF NEW SCHOOLS IN KAZAKHSTAN
S.Sh. Sadykova*
Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-08
Abstract. The article considers innovative trends in the formation of internal educational spaces of a new type of school in modern Kazakhstan. Based on specific examples of secondary education institutions built in the cities of Nur-Sultan and Almaty, new architectural and planning approaches to the creation of educational spaces and the features of their object-spatial solution and content are described and analyzed. Along with this, the article details the latest methods and principles in the formation of internal educational spaces, such as: transformation, mobility, adaptability, ergonomics, accessibility, energy efficiency, smart technologies, etc.
Keywords: аrchitecture, innovations, internal educational spaces, design, new generation school, ergonomics, accessibility, safety.
FEATURES OF TEACHING ARCHITECTURE IN CONDITIONS MANDATORY REMOTE PROCESS
A.A. Toishiyeva*
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-09
Abstract. In the article, the author present a brief overview of the successful experience of implementation an educational process based on the newly introduced modules of the Platonus system and the Teams platform in higher education, which expanded the possibilities of remote interaction. The article analyzes the technical capabilities and main advantages of Platonus, Teams, which were chosen as an electronic information and educational environment by the Eurasian National University named after L.N. Gumilyov (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan).
Keywords: architectural education, distance learning, Platonus automated information system, Microsoft Teams digital platform, innovative technologies.
ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF PUBLIC SPACES: INTERIOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE
Zh.Zh. Tolegen1*, A. Nauryzbayeva2, D.A. Amandykova1
1International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2Kazakh National Academy of Arts named after T.Zhurgenov, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-10
Abstract. This article studies examples of artistic interpretation of interior, infrastructural objects of tourist areas. The qualitative organization of tourism activities involves the design and organization of functionally comfortable and aesthetically significant objects. A professional approach to design requires the development of a unified concept of the environment, the artistic integrity of both the entire territory and individual objects. This article discusses the interior design of catering facilities. Public catering facilities are one of the main and sought-after objects in all types of tourism. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its materials can be used for special courses and lectures on topics related to the specifics of architectural and spatial solutions of interior design. The research results can also be used as theoretical and methodological material for the benefit of practicing architects and designers involved in the practical design of restaurants, cafes, and other food and leisure establishments, restaurant industry professionals, journalists, consultants, and PR specialists working in this area. Also, the results of this work can be used by foreign designers and architects as foreign experience in organizing public areas.
Keywords: artistic environment, architectural monuments, interpretation, art objects, visual communications, semiotics.
BUILDING STRUCTURES AND MATERIALS
INVESTIGATION OF PLANE BENDING OF A ROD WITH ACCOUNT FOR TRANSVERSAL SHEAR DEFORMATIONS
S.B. Akhazhanov1*, Ye.B. Utepov2, T.B. Akhazhanov2
1E.A.. Buketov Karaganda University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
2L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-11
Abstract. The article presents an improved beam finite element, taking into account transverse shear deformations. The transverse shear deformation is taken into account using a parameter. The main dependence and the stiffness matrix of the finite element of the beam are found taking into account the deformation of the transverse shear. The calculation results are compared with analytical and numerical methods.
Keywords: beam finite element, transverse shear deformation, stiffness matrix, transverse shear parameter, vertical displacement.
EXPERIMENTAL-EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE DENSITY AND DEFORMATION OF LOAMY SOILS OF SOIL STRUCTURES
K.S. Baibolov1, D.Zh. Artykbaev1, K. Ibragimov2, K.I. Nazarov3
1University named after Zh.Tasheneva
2South Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
3JSC Hydroproject, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-12
Аbsract. This paper presents the results of determining the optimal moisture content and the maximum density of the plasticity number of loamy soil, the results of studies and experiments to determine the most promising ways to reduce quarry soil moisture.
In addition, the results of studies on the development of a quarry, determination of the thickness of an uncompacted layer, the choice of a compaction mechanism, the number of passes along one track, the determination of the density of dry soil in the proposed experimental field areas during the backfilling of the dam, and graphs of the required densities are presented.
Keywords: maximum density, humidity, field conditions, soil, engineering and geological work, granulometric composition, height.
THE RESULTS OF LABORATORY STUDIES OF THE OPERATION OF MODELS OF PYRAMIDAL-PRISMATIC PILES ON THE EFFECT OF VERTICAL PULLING LOAD IN CLAY SOIL
I.I. Bekbasarov, N.А. Shanshabayev*
Taraz Regional University named after M.Kh.Dulaty, Taraz, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-13
Abstract. This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of models of pyramidal-prismatic piles on the effect of vertical pulling load. The experiments were carried out in clay soil. It is established that models of pyramidal-prismatic piles, depending on the size of the pyramidal section, can have both greater and lesser resistance compared to prismatic and pyramidal (control) piles. Thus, it was found that the resistance of pyramidal-prismatic piles to the pulling load is 1.19-1.80 times higher than the resistance of a model of a prismatic pile with a cross-section size of 20×20 mm. Compared with the model of a prismatic pile with a cross-section size of 30 ×30 mm and with the model of a pyramidal pile (with a cross-section size of 30×30 mm at the top and 20×20 mm at the bottom), the models of pyramidal-prismatic piles have less resistance (by 6-45%). An increase in the size of the upper section of the pyramidal part of the PPP has a more significant effect on increasing their resistance to pulling out than an increase in the length of their pyramidal section. Correlations have been established that can be used for a preliminary assessment of the resistance of pyramidal-prismatic piles to the pulling load relative to the resistance of traditional (prismatic and pyramidal) piles.
Keywords: model, prismatic pile, pyramidal pile, pyramidal-prismatic pile, pulling load.
GEOTECHNICAL METHODS FOR SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF ANCIENT HISTORICAL BUILDINGS AND MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE
Y.T. Bessimbayev, S.E. Niyetbay, D. Asylbekov, A.S. Shadkam
Kazakh National Technical University named after K. I. Satpaeva, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-14
Abstract. The article deals with issues of ensuring seismic resistance of historical buildings, especially architectural monuments, reducing seismic and other man-made impacts. Analyzing the existing methods of ensuring seismic resistance, the most effective geotechnical systems of seismic isolation and their installation technology from the point of view of ensuring seismic resistance have been determined through experimental and computational studies. The proposed geotechnical approach allows to ensure the stability and integrity of the monument architecture under seismic and dynamic influences.
Keywords: seismic effects, monumental architecture, seismic isolation, method of geotechnical isolation, placement technology.
EFFICIENCY OF USING OF CEMENT CONCRETE ROADS
D.S. Dusembinov 1, Z.А. Shakhmov1*, А.А. Zhumagulova 2*, К.К. Mukhambetkaliyev1, D.N. Kadyrkhanova 2
1RSE on REU «National Center for the Quality of Road Assets», Astana, Kazakhstan
2 NPJSC «L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University», Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-15
Abstract. The article discusses the experience of using cement concrete roads in foreign countries and Kazakhstan, as well as the dynamics of the volume of use of road transport services in the country. A comparative analysis of asphalt and cement concrete roads in terms of main technical and performance characteristics is given in the article. Based on the results of the analysis it is concluded that cement concrete roads have more advantages.
Keywords: cement, asphalt concrete, cement concrete, fraction, roadbed, road clothing.
RESEARCH OF HEAT ENGINEERING UNIT WHEN CREATING ATTIC FLOOR
А.U. Zhapakhova1, G.S. Abieva 2, U.B. Аbdikerova1, G.U. Zhapakhova3, G.Е. Aben1
1Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan
2International Educational Corporation (KazGASA campus), Almaty, Kazakhstan
3Kyzylorda Agrarian and Technical Higher College named after I. Abdukarimov
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-16
Abstract. The article discusses the thermal protection of attic floors in the climatic conditions of the Kyzylorda region. In the course of the work, the authors investigated the structural shortcomings of the nodes of the attic floor of the building in operation; the reasons for the imperfection of design solutions were identified; a technique for heat monitoring of buildings has been developed; on the basis of computer simulation in the Elcut professional software package, the thermal characteristics of the attic units were obtained and their main cold bridges were identified, recommendations were given to eliminate the main shortcomings.
Keywords: attic floor, thermal performance, air flow, energy-saving solutions, construction thermogram, cold bridges.
DEFINING THE CRITERIA FOR THE DILAPIDATED STATE OF BUILDINGS
Т.V. Zhussupov1*, А. Aniskin2, Ye.B. Utepov1, D.O. Bazarbayev1
1L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
2University North, Varazdin, Croatia
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-17
Abstract. The article deals with the issue of specifying the criteria of the dilapidated state of buildings. A comparative terminological analysis of Kazakh, Russian, Chinese and Dutch normative and technical documents in the field of assessment of the technical condition of buildings was made. An analysis of the interpretations of the terminology revealed several specific criteria for recognizing the dilapidated state of buildings. These criteria can subsequently serve as the basis for the development of methodologies for the renovation of dilapidated housing and for the updating of the related regulatory framework.
Keywords: renovation, reconstruction, criteria of dilapidation, categories of the technical condition of buildings.
ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE BASE OF RAILWAY LEAF FILLING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PLASTICITY OF THE SOIL
Z.D. Kalpenova*, S.H. Dostanova
Kazakh National Research Technical University named after K. I. Satpaeva,
Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-18
Abstract. The article discusses an algorithm for calculating the foundation of a railroad bed embankment, taking into account the plastic properties of the soil. The approximation method is used. In the first approximation, an elastic solution is considered; further iterations on the load use variable stiffness moduli. To determine them, the equations of state obtained analytically or experimentally are used.
Keywords: plastic properties of soil, base of a railroad embankment, linear soil mechanics, nonlinear soil mechanics, theory of soil plasticity, deformation theory of plasticity, method of variable stiffness.
LABORATORY STUDIES OF EQUIVALENT GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIAL FOR FLUME TESTS
R.E. Lukpanov*, A.S. Yenkebayeva, D.V. Tsygulyov, S.B.Yenkebayev, D.S. Dyusembinov
L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-19
Abstract. The article presents the results of laboratory research of soils and geosynthetic materials (geogrids) used as reinforcement elements of soil embankments. The strength and deformation characteristics were the estimated parameters of the soil, and the main parameter of selection for geogrid was the axial stiffness of the material, the assessment of which was reduced to measuring the tensile strength of geogrid and its equivalent material.
Keywords: geosynthetics, geogrid, reinforcement, soils, embankment, stability, tensile strength, model tests, equivalent material.
CROSS-SECTION CHANNELS OF HYDRAULICALLY AND STATICALLY STABLE SHAPE
Zh.N. Moldamuratov1*, A.A. Iglikov2, E.B. Madaliyeva2, S.Zh. Daurbekova1, A.Sh. Asylbekov2
1International Educational Corporation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-20
Abstract. The article presents the results of research on the substantiation of giving a stable shape of cross-section to the channels of hydro-reclamation systems of southern Kazakhstan. The calculations on the stability of irrigation channel slopes were made, as well as their design features and practical substantiation of stable profiles were presented. The shapes of stable slope were determined using of actual values of geotechnical parameters of slope soils. The results showed that the slope profile takes a stable shape during the channel operation, close to the parabolic.
Keywords: hydro-reclamation systems, channels, cross section, riverbed processes, slope stability.
A PROPOSED MODEL OF VERTICAL CYLINDRICAL STEEL OIL TANKS WITH REINFORCING WINDING
T. Tursunkululy 1, N. Zhangabay 1*, S. Buganova2, S. Daurbekova2
1South-Kazakhstan University named after M. Auezov, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
2International Education Corporation (KazGASA), Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-21
Abstract. The article investigated cases of different filling of the tank with oil and without oil. Three winding options were modeled: with one interval between turns, with a double interval and with a triple interval. Two types of winding were considered: from high-strength steel wire and from composite thread. It is found that when wound with a steel wire with a triple interval, the stresses in the structure do not exceed 34.2% of the yield strength. At the same time, the height of the oil filling does not significantly affect its strength. The use of a composite thread leads to an increase in stresses up to 47.2% of the yield strength, but allows you to reduce the weight of the tank with the winding. When winding with a composite thread with a triple interval, the mass of the structure increases by only 3.6%.
Keywords: vertical cylindrical steel tank, prestress, workloads, winding step, stress-strain state of the shell, stress localization, finite element method.
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS. ECOLOGY
ABOUT THE IMPROVEMENT AND NEW DESIGNS OF HYDROCYCLONE-TYPE APPARATUSES
S.K. Joldassov, G.A. Sarbassova, S.T. Abildaev*, M.T. Omarbekova
M.Kh. Dulaty Taraz Regional University, Taraz, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-22
Abstract. One of the main problems of hydraulic engineering is the improvement and creation of qualitatively new water intake devices of pumping stations and irrigation machines that increase the ecology of the environment. A variety of types of irrigation pump pumps and irrigation units require a comprehensive solution to many issues. Firstly, irrigation machines should receive purified irrigated water, and secondly, the pumps should undergo minimal wear. The most well-known methods of phase separation - sediment deposition by gravity and filtering do not always meet the demands of practice and do not meet the necessary requirements: small size, compactness of the device, a high degree of separation, and the ability to collect and purify water positionally and in a stationary state or directly when the irrigation unit moves. These problems can be successfully solved by applying the effect of centrifugal phase separation during the rotational movement of two and three phase liquids in hydrocyclone-type apparatuses. Due to the simplicity of design, ease of layout in various technological systems (devices), they have found wide application in the national economy.
Keywords: design improvement, new water intake devices, pumping stations, irrigation machines, ecology, environmental protection.
THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT METHODS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
K.S. Shaikhan1*, K.M. Kasenov1, R.E. Zhumagulova2
1Kazakh National Agrarian Research University (KazNARU), Almaty, Kazakhstan
2International Education Corporation KazGASA, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-23
Abstract. The program on the quality management system includes a wide range of requirements in the field of labor protection, industrial safety, in accordance with national and international requirements.
The introduction of the occupational safety management system into the practice of the enterprise makes it possible to identify industrial hazards, assess the risks of death and injury of employees, as well as develop and implement effective measures to reduce them.
Keywords: labor safety, industrial injuries, working conditions, industrial sanitation and hygiene, professional competence.
HUMANITIES AND NATURAL SCIENCES. ECONOMY
THE IDEA OF UNITING THE TURKIC PEOPLES IN THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL VIEWS OF THE FIGURES OF "ALASH" ZHAKHANSHI DOSMUKHAMEDOV AND MUSTAFA SHOKAI
Sh.A. Zabikh1, K.Zh. Zabikh2*
1Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2Kazakhstan University innovation and telecommunication systems, Almaty, Kazakhstan
https://doi.org/10.51488/1680-080X/2022.4-24
Abstract. Among the many progressive ideas of the Kazakh intelligentsia, the idea of uniting the Turkic peoples is of particular interest, which is reflected in the political and legal views of Zh. Dosmukhamedov and M. Shokai. In the article, the author considers the idea of unification of the Turkic peoples in the political and legal views of J.Dosmukhamedov and M. Shokai, who are representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia of the early twentieth century and figures of "Alash". They fought for the freedom of their people and became the harbingers of the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Keywords: state, politics, law, independence, Turkic peoples.